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Get Reliable College Essay Writing Help The size of the essay should be upto 3000 words, excluding footnotes. The competition is open to the students who're currently pursuing commencement or publish-graduation in bonafide Universities. Some trendy lecture rooms do not have those old style wall clocks anymore, so it is best to convey your individual. Although this was only a small part of the essay most of the media coverage centered on this, notably controversies about IQ. Autonomous know-how and the larger human good. Taylor supplied a mannequin of how to handle a group of extraordinarily gifted people who turned a profound vision into reality. The original motivation for the vision of networked interactive computing was to assist humans make good selections in a complex world. Hsu is a physics professor who can be one of the world’s main researchers on genomics. Most rigorous large-scale educational RCTs are uninformative.Education research, like psychology, produces a lot of what Feynman known as‘cargo cult science’. This is compounded by the dominance of social scientists in Whitehall models answerable for knowledge and evidence. This fits naturally with Britain in search of to lead in genomics/AI. Both Plomin and another expert, Steve Hsu, made many predictions around a few of which I referred to in my 2013 essay. We then focus on dangerous methods and tips on how to cease them. From vehicles to planes it has taken time for us to work out how to adapt to new things that may kill us. So a reasonable upper bound could be a minimum of 5-8 instances larger than 1% of GDP. If instructors let you keep a smartphone on the desk, you can use it to trace time. The diagnostic essay is an essay written by anybody taking a class or a course that helps professors or instructors to get a better understanding of the coed’s data and skills. Our website makes use of cookies so that we are able to understand how you utilize our web site, present needed web site performance and enhance your online experience. By utilizing this web site, you comply with using cookies. This is an extremely good essay normally about deep issues with our institutions. This considerations implications of AI for geopolitics. HERE for Kay’s paper on PARC, The Power of the Context. This paper examines the ARPA/PARC imaginative and prescient for computing and the nature of the 2 organisations. Licklider, Sutherland, Taylor et al offered a mannequin for a way science funding can work. Many of these items are unable to offer correct scientific recommendation to ministers . In my 2013 essay on training and politics, I summarised the view of professional scientists on genetics (HEREbetween pages 49-51, seventy two-seventy four, ). ‘Military and financial pressures are driving the rapid development of autonomous systems. We present that these systems are prone to behave in anti-social and harmful ways except they are very fastidiously designed. Those drives will lead to anti-social and dangerous behaviour if not explicitly countered. The current computing infrastructure would be very vulnerable to unconstrained techniques with these drives. We describe the use of formal methods to create provably protected but limited autonomous methods.

Writing Good History Essays - How to Find Good History Topic Ideas

<h1>Writing Good History Essays - How to Find Good History Topic Ideas</h1><p>Are you attempting to get your great history exposition subjects and reviewing aptitudes? Is it accurate to say that you are mindful that there are simple approaches to make your great history papers all the more intriguing and progressively well known? Do you know what the insider facts are? In all actuality the most straightforward approach to do this is to gain proficiency with a little history and how the world works.</p><p></p><p>For a decent history article, one must comprehend certain realities about the world, particularly by they way it has transformed from its inceptions. Something that understudies must remember is that the truth of history is continually changing, making the occasions that have occurred in past times more pertinent and significant than any time in recent memory before.</p><p></p><p>When composing an article about these specific subjects, one should consistently recollect that it isn't sufficient to compose what another person needed to state. Rather, one should likewise consider how the occasions occurred, how they influenced the individuals who were included, and the activities taken by those people.</p><p></p><p>The most significant perspective about figuring out how to make a history paper the manner in which you need it to be is to have an essential information on what precisely you're expounding on. In any case, it's significant that you comprehend what the period resembled and why it was a decent time or an awful time for some individual. These two components must be the significant focal point of your exposition, and you will never make it great in the event that you overlook this fact.</p><p></p><p>An significant thing that must be remembered is the way that each individual lives in a timespan that they know about. One must figure out h ow to perceive what things mean and what implications the words contained in the paper may hold for the peruser. This must be done so as to appropriately pass on your message.</p><p></p><p>A second genuine key to making an astounding history article is to know your subject well. This implies you should have the option to peruse the language of the period, and comprehend the various lingos and suppositions that can be found. The more you comprehend about your point, the simpler it will be for you to get into the way of life and the historical backdrop of the topic.</p><p></p><p>Lastly, it's significant that you investigate your general surroundings when you're composing your own composition. This can incorporate understanding other people groups' sentiments and how you can communicate them utilizing the correct words. By knowing where your loved ones are originating from, you will effortlessly turn out to be progressively delicate and u nderstanding about how the world works.</p><p></p><p>When you're attempting to discover great history article themes and composing abilities, you have to understand that you should be set up to become familiar with some history. While you're doing this current, it's ideal to investigate what you're expounding on. All things considered, the reason for this is to communicate your musings and thoughts on a theme, and to likewise make your paper interesting.</p>

Research Paper Topics For Motor Development

<h1>Research Paper Topics For Motor Development</h1><p>Many individuals will be searching for engine improvement investigate paper subjects that they can apply to their own lives. This is uplifting news for individuals who are keen on engine improvement in light of the fact that there are such a significant number of research themes that you can browse. The primary concern to do is to pick one that intrigues you. This is on the grounds that the more you read about it, the more information you will have and the more you will have the option to identify with it.</p><p></p><p>One of the most widely recognized engine advancement look into paper points is that of early engine improvement. This is a term that portrays something that begins during childbirth. This may sound exceptionally fascinating, however it is something other than a portrayal of something that occurs in early stages. It is additionally a portrayal of something that happens in ne wborn children that last up until the time of around five years of age. It can likewise be depicted as something that starts in pre-school as well.</p><p></p><p>Another of the engine advancement inquire about paper points is physical exercises. This incorporates things like games that youngsters play and how quick these things are played out. Guardians may find that their children mess around that are unreasonably quick for them to stay aware of. This can have genuine outcomes on how well a youngster develops.</p><p></p><p>Sports, for example, swimming and aerobatic can likewise be remembered for engine improvement look into paper themes. It has been demonstrated that playing sports can have incredible advantages to a youngster's mental health. It is additionally accepted this greatly affects how well kids act in school and at home. This has been appeared to improve aptitudes, for example, correspondence, memory, focus, and imagination .</p><p></p><p>There are additionally engine advancement explore paper subjects that manage the impacts of music. Music can truly profit a youngster. It can help with hearing and expanding the associations that occur in the mind. It is additionally said to help with creative mind and concentration.</p><p></p><p>Children who are experiencing chemical imbalance and other mental issue have some engine improvement look into paper subjects that manage music. It is critical to see how this can influence a youngster's psychological prosperity. It can assist them with having the option to process data quicker just as having the option to center better.</p><p></p><p>When it comes to messing around, engine advancement look into paper subjects incorporate games that incorporate engine abilities. These incorporate things like skateboarding and running. They are extraordinary approaches to improve by and large coordination a nd they can be an outlet for self articulation. It has likewise been demonstrated that specific games can assist youngsters with improving connections and be more sociable.</p><p></p><p>There are a wide range of kinds of engine improvement look into paper points. You can investigate these themes by doing some exploration all alone. You can do some essential pursuits on the web or you can take a gander at a portion of the connections underneath to show signs of improvement thought of the subjects that will intrigue you.</p>

One Easy Tip About The Best Research Paper Writing Service Revealed

<h1> One Easy Tip About The Best Research Paper Writing Service Revealed </h1> <h2> The Ultimate Best Research Paper Writing Service Trick</h2> <p>What all you will require is getting the help from a pro and EssaysChief will be the master that you search out. On the off chance that you pick to buy research paper from our organization, here is a short guidance for making a request on the site. You research how to create confused and extreme themes with a best grasp and straightforwardness. In this manner, it's conceivable to effectively locate the most reasonable kind of custom examination papers composing administration likewise, you should simply to keep on keeping your eyes open and read the above advised rules to filter the on-line sites which are attempting to trick people.</p> <h2>Things You Should Know About the Best Research Paper Writing Service </h2> <p>Work is performed under different Subjects each headed by methods for a Referee. Composing is a current that easily falls into place. Examination is one of the critical viewpoints required when composing. It is among the imperative angles required when composing. </p> <h2> The Do's and Don'ts of the Best Research Paper Writing Service </h2> <p>It's basic to acquire research paper online for understudies wishing to run over high evaluations without a brilliant arrangement of hustle. It is basic to get research paper online for understudies who need to secure high evaluations without bunches of hustle. The understudies don't understand the job of reviewing such critical paper and wind making senseless blunders that decrease its value and disposes of the opportunity of gaining great imprints. Most of the understudies don't satisfy the desires for their educators and end up getting amazingly low and bombing grades. </p> <p>The greater part of the paper essayists in the organizations don't have the reasonable information in scholastic composition. Presently you can get authentic school article on the web, one that is going to accommodate your budgetary arrangement and complete your work as well. The essayists should have the enthusiasm for composing and an amazingly generous measure of inventiveness. While the case there are a couple of brilliant journalists in school some discover it very testing to compose. </p> <h2>What You Need to Do About the Best Research Paper Writing Service Beginning in the Next 8 Minutes </h2> <p>You simply need to search out the best one, do a little exploration on them and recruit their master administrations. So you're sure to get sensibly valued help. To get the best one which you should watch a wide assortment of administrations which give you various points of interest. It's subsequently required to look for administrations from organizat ions which have journalists who carefully hold fast to the headings given. </p> <p>When you take up proficient administrations, it's essential to search for the perfect organization. Besides, the organization doesn't unveil customer's data. Along these lines, the organizations should utilize a paper essayist that has a wide choice of skill. Most composing organizations handle different customers. </p> <p>The kind of paper you're searching for will be given to you inside the cutoff time offered to you. You will see a perpetual number of reasons you should get an exposition on the web. The subject should be amazing. You will presumably find an interminable amount of reasons you might need to find an exposition on the web. </p> <p>On the off chance that you're making different kinds out of paper or composition it's a superior to chase for past reports and papers to peruse it down to procure much better understandings. In like manner you can prepared the substance page. </p> <p>Firstly, it's critical to manage the paper in such a way it adheres to all the directions to the spot and all the subtleties of the rubric are completely secured inside the paper. The answer is very basic that it's fairly hard to complete the exploration paper work. </p> <p>Just have a look at our value number cruncher to realize what your ideal cost for the paper is! Along these lines, you think requesting a paper may help you at the current time. You should abstain from stealing the work inside an example paper and endeavor to create your own thoughts once you completely read the example. In the event that you wish to get high fantastic examination and proposition papers in time and at a reasonable cost, you ought to likely endeavor utilizing EssaySupply.com. </p> <p>A quick read of the entirety of the well known exploration papers in your space would give a smart thought of how unique should be organized. The best implies that you ensure your article will be unique and bona fide when you buy research paper online is to have it composed by method of a master. The best methods for you to make certain your article will be valid and unique when you buy research paper online is to have it composed by methods for a master. In the event that you don't see how to start your paper or where to scan for supporting information, we'll be very charmed to help you. </p>

What Are Some Good Topics For a Descriptive Essay?

<h1>What Are Some Good Topics For a Descriptive Essay?</h1><p>Writing a clear paper is one of the most significant things that you will do in your life. It is the fundamental piece of your resume and a significant piece of going after a position. In this article I will be giving you a few hints on what are some acceptable themes for an elucidating essay.</p><p></p><p>This is one of the most fundamental things that you have to comprehend about human instinct. On the off chance that you need to dazzle anybody when you meet them, you have to think about their character. To become more acquainted with their character, you have to know a few realities about them.</p><p></p><p>Writing about the account of a kid is an intriguing method to portray their character. Kids as a rule discover something that is somewhat unique about themselves than what their folks can see. One model is a more seasoned sibling who has been attacked by a companion. The more established sibling makes some troublesome memories tolerating what has happened.</p><p></p><p>Using this technique is an incredible approach since it concentrates on the business at hand. Portraying something that is critical to your character will consistently be intriguing. I will give you an individual model. My folks were talking one day about something significant that my more established sibling has accomplished for me and how I have acknowledged him for who he is.</p><p></p><p>What was distinctive about the model I just gave you is that the model I gave depended on a comparable certainty. Many individuals don't care for hearing that their folks acknowledge them for what their identity is. They will do all that they can to ensure that their folks don't have the foggiest idea what they truly are. This can be a hindrance to landing positions and any open door for advancement.</p><p></p>&l t;p>These models depended on a comparative reality. The reality was the equivalent yet the models were unique. That is the reason these models were so intriguing. On the off chance that you could utilize one of those guides to depict your character, at that point it would be a lot simpler to compose a resume that would be more impressive.</p><p></p><p>Describe your character from numerous points of view as could reasonably be expected. You have to have a wide range of guides to locate the most ideal approach to portray yourself. I trust you will utilize a portion of these models as you are composing your resume. There are other genuine models that you can use.</p>

Issue Based Essay Samples

<h1>Issue Based Essay Samples</h1><p>Issue based exposition tests are a great deal of helpful devices for you to figure out how to compose a viable paper. A portion of these model articles can be discovered on the web and a significant number of them have great surveys and are viewed as magnificent examples for the individuals who wish to compose essays.</p><p></p><p>A genuine model is the American Scholar Essay. It is all around prescribed for the individuals who need to spend significant time in utilizing issue based papers as a feature of their examinations. The paper can be found at ecollege.com and has numerous other phenomenal assets for understudies who need exposition authors and undergrads who need to represent considerable authority in this field.</p><p></p><p>The style is present day and consolidates elevated level issues and patterns with the scholarly record. On the off chance that you truly wish to go for keeping in touch with one of these papers, you may need to beware of the prospectus for the school. In any case, if the point doesn't appear to fit into the zone of your examinations, you can in any case effectively discover a type of data that you can use to compose the best essay.</p><p></p><p>There are many paper tests that are accessible for you in the year's school lists. You may even get the chance to keep an eye on the World Wide Web for some great assets. The greater part of the sites are free and give free example essays.</p><p></p><p>You can without much of a stretch locate the best assets by directing a web search. You may likewise check the web and you may locate the best models for a portion of the points that you have to concentrate on. You may even check your college's library to perceive what is available.</p><p></p><p>The web likewise offers you the opportunity to jump on the database of asset sites. You may utilize the get in touch with us connect gave on the sites to discover progressively about the resources.</p><p></p><p>You may likewise locate a few different assets for theissue based article. You simply need to search for them on the web and beware of the connections provided.</p>

Looking Backwards In Backwards Essay Topics

<h1>Looking Backwards In Backwards Essay Topics</h1><p>Many understudies are thinking that its hard to compose a gorgeous in reverse exposition. A regressive exposition isn't simple, yet it very well may be finished with a little practice.</p><p></p><p>Students who have tragically finished their article without first talking with an author to assist them with this angle might be satisfied to find that somebody who has composed numerous retrogressive papers has some supportive counsel regarding the matter. The upsides of utilizing an essayist are self-evident. Another person can offer you great guidance that may enable you to comprehend what you have to change.</p><p></p><p>In request to abstain from committing indistinguishable errors from numerous other people who have distributed their regressive articles, there are a couple of rules to follow. Initially, don't compose your article looking advances. The universe of s chool papers is loaded with forward-looking material, so don't blame this for your composing style. Looking in reverse isn't necessary.</p><p></p><p>Second, be certain that you work out your paper rapidly. At the point when you plunk down to compose a paper, you should begin your perusing at the highest point of the page and work your way down the page. This forestalls what is called 'vulnerable sides.' Blind-spots are the point at which you read an area at the top and don't completely comprehend it.</p><p></p><p>This implies that you pass up perusing significant or huge data. Working out the whole article or paper without a moment's delay makes this increasingly obvious. While you are composing the paper, ensure that you are concentrating the entirety of the data that you read.</p><p></p><p>Finally, you should ensure that you know a verifiable reality that is remembered for the subject of the exposition. When y ou discover a reality that you need to use in your exposition, ensure that you utilize that reality. In the event that you are uncertain about whether the announcement is valid, it is ideal to leave itout. You can return to it later, yet ensure that you know precisely where you remain before you go any further.</p><p></p><p>Lastly, recollect that composing along these lines will make it harder to compose later. This is something that is valid for a wide range of composing. It is a lot simpler to compose articles thusly than it is to compose papers.</p><p></p><p>Remember that on the off chance that you need to compose a retrogressive exposition, you should find a way to abstain from looking in reverse. When you begin looking in reverse, you will get confounded and your composing will endure. Deal with these means, and you will have the option to convey your paper successfully.</p>

Interesting Topic Research Paper Topics

Interesting Topic Research Paper TopicsIf you are an engineer and a student at any of the Engineering schools or universities, then you must have got to know about Economics research paper topics. You might have done the assignment for your own topic research paper and this is a great way to prepare for future tests or essays that will help you in making a mark.A topic is the part of the papers in which you can write something to talk about. If you do not have the right point of view to write a paper about the subject you are assigned for, then you can always go for an extra one. The choice of topic for your paper depends on many factors. First of all you should ask yourself what kind of paper are you expecting.A research paper is always a long paper and a good engineer should be able to write a complex and detailed one. But all these subjects are interrelated and it is very difficult to write a topic on any single topic. So you should write the research paper according to the relate d topic.You can choose some interesting topics for your engineering economy research paper topics. These will help you in finding a topic for the entire paper. This can be divided into two parts namely the background study and the theory part.The background study will help you in researching the topics related to the subject which will make it easier for you to write the research paper. It will also help you in understanding the whole topic of the topic. While researching you can talk to any related expert in the field.You can also refer to any books, magazines or journals regarding the subject so that you will get more information about the paper topics. It is also better if you have some insider information about the topic to avoid problems while writing. After doing the background study you can now move on to the theory part.In the theory part of the research paper you will need to have some hard work and knowledge about the topic. It is a combination of theory and practical appl ication of the subject. If you think that you are a good enough engineer to understand both of these, then go ahead.In all engineering research paper topics, the structure is very important. You should start with a good outline of the entire research paper and then later on do the rest of the papers as per the structure. This will make your paper more detailed and clear.

The Little-Known Secrets to Bias Essay Topics

<h1> The Little-Known Secrets to Bias Essay Topics</h1> <p>Essays are inescapable coursework a scholastic understudy may escape from their tutors. Nothing unexpected, the papers from their hands are only an ideal blend of ability and composing aptitudes they've obtained in the claim to fame. Understudies will find some phenomenal focuses and thoughts basic for the development of a brilliant school or school relative article. As a result, wealthy understudies are probably going to obtain an edge, in regards to submitting expositions which better interface with confirmations officials. </p> <h2> The Upside to Bias Essay Topics</h2> <p>Modern-day media has improved a decent arrangement in news detailing. Language may likewise be named a political perspective in the media. </p> <h2> The Battle Over Bias Essay Topics and How to Win It </h2> <p>The sources you pick for your piece mirror the all out feel of the article, along these lines it's critical to pick sources that are impartial toward the subject. Along these lines, paper partners demand that you settle on a quiet spot to make your article. You shouldn't have to manage a one-sided paper. The sort of the exposition must be chosen before planning the proposal and composing proposition explanation being they have to coordinate the sort of the endeavor. </p> <p>An pugnacious article expects you to pick a subject and have a situation on it. Along these lines, the point will must be very much idea out in light of the fact that it will decide the standard of your paper. Frequently, school paper subjects end up being more testing than understudies expected, thusly it might be sensible to demand help. Moral pugnacious exposition themes are a couple of the most straightforward to become really excited with. </p> <h2> The Foolproof Bias Essay Topics Strategy</h2> <p>When it has to do with composing a factious exposition, the fundamental issue to do is to choose a subject and a contention which you can truly get behind. Mediator or facilitator inclination will be normal in the occasion the facilitator isn't sufficiently talented. Frequently, the perfect subject is one which you really care about, however you additionally should prepare to inquire about it. Now and again the theme they give additionally seems, by all accounts, to be very charming. </p> <p>Prejudice is holding someone to blame since the person not a segment of the ingroup and are associated with the outgroup. It is generally rehearsed over the world. </p> <h2> The Fundamentals of Bias Essay Topics Revealed </h2> <p>You may need to underline the foundation of the overall partiality in youthful people especially. Should inclination have never been perceived or learned, at that point laws to stop practices like stoning others by virtue of the race and consuming others because of their religion was executed in. Next, one needs to choose if trickiness is utilized. </p> <h2>The Nuiances of Bias Essay Topics </h2> <p>Most people wish to be acknowledged by others, yet when predisposition is available there isn't any acknowledgment as a result of contrasts. Accordingly, it's hard to pinpoint precisely how frequently close to home articulations sway confirmations choices, and how predispositions and individual inclinations may play out work. Unobtrusive predisposition is used to help self since there is a misconception of an individual present. Affirmation Bias Confirmation inclination is only one of the most regular sorts of research predisposition. </p> <h2>The 30-Second Trick for Bias Essay Topics </h2> <p>My race for instance, would be a component in a multi-ethnic center gathering. You may keep on saving your factious papers for your up and coming employment portfolio on the off chance that they're profoundly evaluated. In a circumstance like this, predisposition against different religions which are minority in that state gets clear. Similarly, inadequately arranged center gathering mediators will most likely be unable to manage inclinations since they happen. </p> <p>Mathematical conditions, for example, are precisely the same. It's critical to get the correct amount of information in your article. You may need to lead an intensive research and propose your own solution for the ebb and flow issue. </p> <p>So, it must be composed recollecting the following focuses. In rundown, there aren't any idiot proof techniques to win in an on-line club, there are numerous strategies to be in a gambling club that may bring about a more prominent likelihood of making a benefit, from restraint, to information and karma in all of the games just as the rewards and advancements which ought to consistently be utilized by the players, there are various approaches to achieve benefit inside the gambling clubs. Having been utilized in the café, it's apparent that a much better hierarchical structure is required. At the point when you're picking your theme, remember that it's a lot more straightforward to expound on something which you at present have intrigue ineven on the off chance that you don't have the foggiest idea about a lot about it. </p> <p>Certificate There is the potential for a totally free endorsement on finishing. The mind larger part of colleges request that understudies give data concerning the extracurricular exercises they occupied with during secondary school, both according to the embodiment of the work done, alongside the amount of hours required. The point may not be an intriguing one, there isn't any data that can be found on the net, there are other coursework to complete or it might be the earth wherein they can't focus. English language classes for the most part need a great deal of composing. </p>

What Is the Value of a College Degree

What Is the Value of a College Degree? Cost Versus Value of Higher Education It can be challenging to fully understand all the costs involved in pursuing higher education because of the vast number of factors that have to be taken into consideration, some of which are relevant only in very specific situations. However, there are some basic differences in costs between public and private institutions that may help parents and students make more informed choices. Related Articles Best College Quotes Best College Quotes Why Is a High School Education Important? Why Is a High School Education Important? Companies That Help Employees Pay for College Companies That Help Employees Pay for College Public Colleges and Universities Public colleges have the advantage of offering higher education at significantly lower overall cost than private institutions according to Peterson's. They can do so because they receive funding from their state government, and as a result, the spending is overseen to some degree by the granting entity. These funds allow state colleges and universities to offer significantly reduced tuition as compared to private institutions. The trade off is that state universities are often much larger, sometimes having as many as 200 or more students enrolled in lower-division classes. They may also offer a greater diversity of academic majors than private institutions and many have earned a reputation for excellence in a vast array of academic disciplines. Private Colleges and Universities While private colleges generally have a much heftier price tag, they also generally offer far more in the way of both need-based and merit scholarships. According to The College Solution, private colleges offer significantly more financial aid than do state colleges. In some instances, private schools can end up costing the student even less out-of-pocket than their local state college, even if when the tuition is $40,000 or $50,000 per year. Also, schools seeking a diverse body of students, or those wishing to increase their rankings can make qualified applicants very attractive offers that make their high dollar schools quite affordable, even for lower-income families. In general, class size is much smaller, and there is greater access and interaction with instructors, although the availability of majors may be much more limited.

Some Argumentative Essay Topics to Write About in College

Some Argumentative Essay Topics to Write About in CollegeAn pugnacious paper subject to expound on in school will change contingent upon the sort of school you join in. For instance, a few schools will have a few distinct themes to expound on while others just have a couple. This is because of the assorted variety of the understudies at each school. The following are a few instances of some fundamental contentious exposition subjects to expound on in school.- The point can be a feeling piece or assessment based article. By giving authentic data, this article can make a contention for why the essayist has a perspective. Essentially expressing realities isn't sufficient. You should give proof that is valid and will face investigation. On the off chance that you are uncertain about whether or not to incorporate the contention, ensure that you talk about the sources that help your position and give sources where the data was gotten.- A factious article is one that examines one's politica l suppositions, ideological groups, and current political occasions. You might need to examine why you are supporting an ideological group, how a specific gathering or president is doing in office, and other questionable issues that are current. To make a decent contention, you should be clear about the subtleties and examine why your perspectives are right. Contentions ought to incorporate the potential negative results just as the positive results.- An acclaimed scholar might be a fascinating subject to expound on with regards to school. They may have been a remarkable figure over the span of history or even today. A few themes incorporate, Plato, Aristotle, Locke, and Kant. You can give explicit models that demonstrate your point to the peruser, yet it is ideal to discuss a way of thinking that has been written before.- Another significant life exercise is an explanation that will call attention to something that an understudy will use later on. For instance, an understudy who mi ght want to turn into an instructor can peruse the model and check whether they can identify with it. This gives them a solid guide to utilize when they go after a showing position.- Another subject to expound on in school is an article about an ongoing occasion or circumstance. You could talk about the occasion in the paper, TV, radio, or the web. There are many individuals that are finding out about the occasion and will be keen on finding out additional. The reason for the article is to work up feeling or interest in the peruser. They need to find out about the occasion and the individuals involved.It is essential to recollect that your pugnacious paper subjects are by all account not the only thing that you ought to remember for your composition. On the off chance that you need to make a contention, you ought to likewise incorporate data that is true and all around looked into. This will assist with making a ground-breaking exposition that assists with conveying your message to the crowd.

New Article Reveals the Low Down on Argumentative Essay Topics for 5th Grade and Why You Must Take Action Today

<h1> New Article Reveals the Low Down on Argumentative Essay Topics for fifth Grade and Why You Must Take Action Today</h1> <p>School ought to happen in the nighttimes. Understudies need to see how to create convincing essaysthis ability is basic since it is frequently tried. They ought to be permitted to supplicate in school. They additionally utilized the discussion area of the online issues.</p> <h2> Argumentative Essay Topics for fifth Grade Features </h2> <p>Argumentative terms base on making a case and comprehension there will be a counterclaim. In numerous expert settings, conscious argumentation is what prompts the development of new musings and viewpoints. </p> <p>Choosing points is an individual ability which you ought to learn and rehearse at school, so quit dawdling and stick to the straightforward tips underneath to have the option to consider new thoughts and make an extraordinary theme to take a shot at. When you have the entirety of the thoughts, settle the one which you believe is generally appropriate for the brief given. Record all the thoughts you kick and get off pondering all them. Every once in a while, it very well may be an extraordinary thought to think about any themes that you're especially inspired by. </p> <h2> The New Fuss About Argumentative Essay Topics for fifth Grade </h2> <p>Although being able to compose influentially can appear as though a moving thing for youngsters to learn, advise them that everybody has substantial conclusions. Your family doesn't have creatures in the home, and you might want to get another expansion looking like a pet. Be sure to feature the benefits of the fo od which you bring! An over the top measure of cash is anything but something worth being thankful for. </p> <p>Year round school is anything but a smart thought. Ladies should be fined at whatever point they shout. Work talk will happen naturally, as that is the explanation that you are there. Understudies have occupied existences and as often as possible disregard a coming cutoff time. </p> <p>Kids ought to be able to cast a ballot. Guardians love talking about their kids and pets. They should converse with kids about medications at a youthful age. Guardians of menaces should need to pay a fine. </p> <h2> The Downside Risk of Argumentative Essay Topics for fifth Grade </h2> <p>An contentious paper is a particular sort of scholarly composition. Tasks powerful article, you're somewhat. Continuously remember an incredible convincing paper should be enticing. Composing factious expositions requires a lot of time to complete, particularly when you don't have a doled out theme. </p> <p>If you are a newcomer to pugnacious exposition composing, it is obviously better to pick an easy point. All things considered, you have to make your point progressively explicit. 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Else, you may peruse on the web by looking over further down the webpage.</p> <p>Read it cautiously on numerous occasions to ensure it is liberated from mistakes. You may utilize an assortment of models that can be found on the internet at no expense. At whatever point you request speedy help by methods for your undertaking, contact on-line master composing administration that may set up a contentious paper article the subject you like. Each time you request speedy help by methods for your assignment, contact on-line master composing administration that may set up a factious paper regarding the matter you like. </p> <h2>The New Fuss About Argumentative Essay Topics for fifth Grade </h2> <p>If you make sense of your associate has children or a pet you own a subject to address them about for the rest of your time with the business. A minumum of one parent should work at home. </p> <h2> Argumentative Essay Topics for fifth Grade - the Story</h2> <p>Our contentious composing prompts worksheets might be utilized for various evaluation levels. Designing is among the means on the most ideal path to your favored evaluation. </p> <p>It is essential to recall your perusers may have a great deal of choices on precisely the same point so the presentation of your exposition should be written in a way it stands apart to snatch the enthusiasm of the perusers. Acquaintance needs with be infectious enough that it snatches the enthusiasm of the perusers at a similar end close by a craving to have more. Therefore, you can contend your perspective in an attempt to convince the peruser your decision is effectively the most legitimate. 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Research Paper Topics for Personal Use

<h1>Research Paper Topics for Personal Use</h1><p>When you are attempting to discover explore paper themes, the primary thing that you ought to consider is your own advantage. Research papers can be very unique for individuals. A few people favor them to take a gander at other people.</p><p></p><p>Some papers need to do with human correspondence. This might be close to home research. They may help with how to prevail in business as a gathering. Some are even about correspondence with the past.</p><p></p><p>Other examine papers are bound to manage such subjects as close to home examinations. They may give data about how an individual turned into a top of the line creator. They might be about an entrepreneur who utilizes her own life to help her business succeed.</p><p></p><p>You might have the option to get such a task through online research. You may even have the option to get data via looking through this asset. The exploration you do may even assistance you to comprehend your very own life better.</p><p></p><p>One of the most significant viewpoints to mull over is your own character. You might have the option to assist individuals with escaping strife. It might be an individual to-individual learning experience. You might need to set aside the effort to have however much control as could reasonably be expected over what is in your examination papers.</p><p></p><p>It may assist you with showing how you can convey in a successful manner. For instance, on the off chance that you are going to introduce your examination paper on bunch correspondence, you might have the option to address bunch issues. In the event that you are going to do an undertaking on initiative in an office setting, you might need to get a person's perspectives.</p><p></p><p>If you need to discover inquire about paper points that ca n be utilized in your very own life, investigate the themes you are keen on. Go on the web and discover whatever you are keen on. Converse with your preferred scientists. Search for their examination as well.</p>

Essay Participant Observation - Helping You Write Better Essays

Article Participant Observation - Helping You Write Better EssaysIf you are searching for an approach to look at and consider an exposition that you have composed, you may consider directing a paper member perception. A concise review of the procedure is important to be powerful. The initial phase in this procedure is to make a working rundown of twelve or so significant composing samples.These ought to incorporate expositions that you have perused and that others have perused. After cautious research, make certain to survey these composing tests for their style, composing style, and quality. Ensure that you discover another person who can give you some analysis on your work. This will permit you to discover whatever you do that doesn't oblige the suitable style.After evaluating the composing tests, you can lead exposition member perception. There are a few different ways that you can approach this. You can employ a third individual to peruse your work for you. These are enthusiastic ally suggested in the event that you are beginning on a paper composing program.If you have some other essayist who is perusing your work with you, it is ideal to utilize their own apparatuses and strategies. You won't have the option to utilize their own specific style as a guide and you should build up a progressively unique style of your own.Remember that all members will need to offer you criticism, yet this is the thing that a decent exposition member perception will do. Moreover, this is the one technique that is viewed as nonpartisan and hence more averse to cause strife between the participants.You can do article member perception from the time you finish your composition until it is finished. Ensure that you have a strategy to move starting with one bit of composing then onto the next. This is useful in the event that you are being approached to compose a book proposition. A decent strategy is to make a sequential request to move from the earliest starting point of your wor k to the end.You will have the option to shield from broadly expounding when your last draft is all set to the correct position. You can likewise utilize this technique to clean the entirety of your exposition draft once it is finished. Any style rules you are working under will be useful when utilizing this technique.

Tips for Writing an Essay in Q1

<h1>Tips for Writing an Essay in Q1</h1><p>There are numerous angles to Q1 paper composing. All the understudies need to consider is the amount they can expound on in a short measure of time. This is the thing that each understudy ought to recollect. It is best that you track all the significant focuses which should be remembered for your essay.</p><p></p><p>Your composing should ensure that it is both syntactically right and composed by the principles of language structure, accentuation and style. Numerous papers will be made without these realities and understudies will think that its extremely hard to finish them. This implies you need to ensure that your article composing is acceptable with the measures that are set.</p><p></p><p>Spellings ought to be right and understudies should ensure that the language is straightforward. Understudies need to ensure that all the language structure and spelling mistakes are expel led from their article. When composing any sort of data, the significant thing is to ensure that all data is right. Perusing the article will help you in knowing how the sentences ought to be perused and how the subjects are mentioned.</p><p></p><p>Many understudies will assemble their papers before they get an opportunity to understand it and they won't understand that they have committed any errors. Understudies will locate this extremely troublesome as the composing will be hard to comprehend. All they will see is the words and that is the thing that they should focus to.</p><p></p><p>For the subsequent stage of your article you should consider how you might want to end it. You will likewise need to consider the end, yet in particular ensure that the substance of your article is sufficiently convincing to make the peruser need to keep perusing it.</p><p></p><p>A last tip that you should recollect is that ther e are numerous books and different assets accessible which are accessible on the web and a large number of them offer this research project design. So you should simply to peruse them and afterward think of your own article that has a similar organization. When you have composed an article you should submit it to the school.</p><p></p><p>The first thing that you should recall is that each word tallies. A few understudies will be befuddled toward the start, yet once they become acclimated to the framework they will see that the framework is powerful authors will have the option to finish their papers rapidly. One final tip is that you should ensure that you are not rehashing yourself all through the article. Ensure that you generally proceed onward to another point on the off chance that you feel that you have passed up something.</p>

Reading strategies and reading comprehension - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 38 Words: 11299 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? GEPT: General English Profiency Test HP: Higher proficiency Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Reading strategies and reading comprehension" essay for you Create order LP: Lower proficiency HETC: Harvard Education Training Center Rationale Hammadon (1991) says: Reading comprehension is not just understanding words, sentences, or even texts, but involves a complex interartion of the readers prior knowledge, language profiency and their learning strategies (p.30). So reading strategies are very important to achieve the comprehension. Many types of reading strategies are introduced to guide students of all different levels. However, there were few researchers who investigate the relationship of reading comprehension strategies and reading comprehension of students. At HETC, reading has a key place in any English courses when students study English not only as the interest but also the demand for improving their study and promoting in their careers to achieve the long-term goals, especially some of them were assigned to live and work abroad. In their learning process, almost the students meet great challenges when dealing with the reading texts. They usually do not understand texts and cannot complete the tasks so they fe el tired in reading lessons. Therefore, what are the main causes of this current situation? In order to find out the answer, the researcher started a survey on the reading comprehension strategy use. For teachers at HETC, it is hoped that this study may offer them the ways on how to identify strategies used by the students and then they can decide what they should do to promote their students reading comprehension and in their learning as well. Literature review 2.1. Reading comprehension strategies and reading skills Oxford (1990) gives a detailed definition of language learning strategies: Learning strategies are specific actions taken by the learner to make learning easier, faster, more enjoyable, more self-directed, more effective, and more transferable to new situations (p.8) and described concretely how learning strategies are applied to the four language skills: listening, speaking, writing and reading. According to her, four strategies: listening strategies, , or reading strategies are those learning strategies themselves that applied to each of the four skills. Of course, skills and strategies are two big words and common terms of the reading activities, as well. Nutall (1982) pointed out that reading was certainly a process of the readers, who used strategies to work with the meaning of the texts actively and then made sense from them. By the interesting interactions from the readers and texts, more and more researchers keep working to research the relationship between the use of reading strategies and reading comprehension. However, strategy and skill, are they different? Yes, it was actually apparent that they were different. Strategy meant people used the planned methods and implements to achieve their goals, but skill was known as a routine. Moreover, strategy was the result of conciously work towards goals. It helped readers to understand the meaning of contents in order to find out the answer or obtain a certain performance level in reading that they want for themselves (Gagn, 1985). However, it is not always easy to make such a clear differnces between these two terms. Grabe and Stoller (2002) said that many abilities that are commonly identified as strategies are relatively automatic in their use by fluent readers (e.g. skipping an unknown word while reading, rereading to reestabilsh text meaning (p.15) Paris et al (1991) supposed an emerging skill can become more efficient and developmentally advanced when they become generated and applied automatically as skills (p.61). Sometimes this differen ce is not clear at all because that is part of the nature of reading. In this study, reading strategies are used to show specific actions, steps and plans that students conciously apply in their reading process to improve their comprehension. 2.2. The relationship between reading strategies and reading comprehension Reading comprehension must occur rapid in almost any purposeful context, and the more rapidly a text is read, the better reading processes are to effect. Those specific processes must be implemented effectively in combination to ensure the reading comprhension. Reading comprehension requires the reader be strategic. The reader needs to identify processing difficulties, address balances between text information and background knowledge, decide for monitoring comprhension, and shifing goals for reading. When a good reader use strategies, they can read fluently, flexible in line with changing purpose and then continue monitoring the comprehension. Similarly, reading is an process that evaluating the reader, who must decide if the reading information is coherent and finds out the purpose for reading.Alderson (2003) said reading as the interaction of four things. He claimed that the reader and the text together must be fluent reading or the ability to reach at an appropriate rate with ad equate comprehension, or the ability of the reader to use a wide variety of reading strategies to accomplish a purpose for reading (p.149). So discovering the best methods and strategies are the way that a good learner apply during a reading process. 2.3. Previous research on reading comprhension strategies Grellet, F. (1981) wrote a book Developing Reading Skills. This book showed the important role of reading and provided some techniques which help learners improve their reading skill. Nutal, C. (1989) proved reading is to enable students to read without help unfamiliar authentic texts at appropriate speed, silently with adequate understanding. Ozek, O. (2006) researched A study on the Use of Cognitive Reading Strategies by ELT Students. This study carried out to find out which reading strategies are commonly employed by ELT students while reading a text, and which reading strategies are needed to be developed to understand the text better, and to continue academic studies successfully. San San Kung (2007) did an investigation into the relationship between reading comprehension and the use of reading strategies among EFL students in colleges in Taiwan. Through the study, the researcher knew what the reading strategies the EFL students use more or less and what the differences between different grade students. Methodology This chapter will describe research methods used to collect data to answer the research questions and then explain how and why the methods are used. 3.1. Research questions This study aims to find out reading strategy use of HETCs students. This also has objectives to discover if there are any differences in strategy use between lower and higher proficiency readers, as well. Then to suggest some recommendations to raise students awareness of using reading comprehension strategies in the classroom. It aims at answering the following questions: 1. What reading strategies are used by students at HETC? 2. What are the differences in the use of reading strategies between lower and higher proficiency readers? 3.2. Descriptions of variables 3.2.1. Independent variables In this study, the independence variables were the students at HETC. 51 students were chosen as representatives of this particular group sudents to collect needed data. These 51 students were divided into four groups in which students are the members of higher and lower proficiency groups. These 2 groups were chosen to get information to answer the second research question ( More details about these groups and about higher and lower proficiency readers will be found in 3.3.1 and 3.4.2) 3.2.2. Dependent variable: The dependent variable in this research were the strategies applied in reading comprehension, i.e. reading comprehension strategies. 3.3. The data collection instruments: This study employs a combibation of 3 data collection instruments: * General English Proficiency Test (GEPT) * Questionaire * Think-aloud interviews As one of the objectives of this study is to find out if there are any dfferences in the strategy use between higher proficiency (HP) and lower proficiency (LP) readers. The test was used to divide the subjects into difference groups in which groups of higher and lower proficiency were chosen to collect the data. Think-aloud interviews aimed at getting qualitative data and quesionaire was used to get quantiative data. The author can collect a large information of all mentioned strategies and the information from students who share their thought of strategy use in the think-aloud interviews. Of course, the think a loud interviews in this study can be one of the best ways to reaffirm the result got from the questionaire. For example, in the questionaire, the subjects report that they use life experiences to understand the meaning of texts or read the first and last paragraphs and then go back to read the paragraphs; the author will know they use these strategies or not in the interview. 3.3.1. Test A General English proficiency test is a procedure taken to collect data on students ability or the knowledge of disciplines as Information about peoples language ability is often very useful and necessary (Nunan, 1992). The GEPT was taken form the book IELTS for Academic Purpose: A short insentive course (see the appendix 3). Based on the result of the test, the subjects were classified into 4 groups. Group 1 consists students who just got from mark 1 to 2.5; group 2 has those who got mark from 3 to 5. The students in these 2 groups are LP learners. Meanwhile, the students who are in group 3 got mark from 5.5 to 6.5 they are at medium levels. And the last group group 4 consists of HP ones who got mark from 7 and over. After having the result of the test, the author decided to chose group 2 and 4 to collect the data to answer the second research question. So there are 51 subjects in these 2 groups. The author did not choose group 1 because their proficiency were too low and they we re only 1% of the subjects. Details of the test can be found in Appendix 1. 3.3.2. Questionaire: Questionaire is the second data collection instrument in this study. This is also a pretty popular means of data collection. Many researchers suppose that using questionaire in language research has many advantages. First, questionaire can be given to a great amount of students at the same time and it is self-administered. Second, to protect the privacy and keep the fairness, the subjects names might not be appeared on the questionaire. So subjects tend to share the information more naturally, even some sensitive information. Third, the data collected are more accurate because questionaire is usually given to all the subjects at the same time. This study used one survey questionaire to gather the information about reading strategies as well as the differences in strategy use between these two kinds of readers. According to the result of the questionaire (and interviews), the athor can make some recommendation to help students improve their reading abilities. The quesionaire was designed based on the questionaire of Shan Shan Kung (2007). This part consists 3 parts. Of couse, in this study, the author modified the first part personal information part. The next part concept of reading had 3 questions to explore the perceptions of English reading. The last part had thirty eight questions of strategy use. In the beginning of third section, thirty four questions utilized a Liker Scale point systems. The subjects were asked to respond to each statement by choosing among four answers: 1) usually; 2) sometimes; 3) rarely; 4) never. Each section has four to six questions (except section 1 has 10 questions because of discoverin g the reading process). Through the survey, the author found out which strategies actually actracted HP readers more than LP readers. 3.3.3. Think aloud interviews In addition to the quetionaire, interviews are used to obtain information by actually talking to the subject. The interviewer asks questions and the subject responds. Interviews are the good way for collecting data as Seliger, H.W. (1989) claimed Interviews are personalized and therefore permit a level of in-depth information gathering, free response and flexibility that cannot be obtained by other procedures (p.166). However, it can be costly and time consuming. In this study, think aloud interviews were used to collect the data about the students reading strategy. The Interviewer Guide for Reading Strategies developed by Honsenfeld et al. (1981). In oder to make the Guide appropriate for objectives of thi study, the researcher has made some changes in the strategies they posed ( see Appendix 3). 3.4. Participants in the study: At the time the study was carried out, the subjects had just finished an English course. Their textbook was Therefore, their commonly assumed proficiency was intermidiate. They were members of three classes. One class included 25 students , 24 in the other class and 21 in the last one and they stuied the same textbook. Their ages ranged from 19 to 24. Almost all of students had at least 3 years of learning English before this class. They were delivered a reading proficiency test to be divided into higher and lower proficiency readers. In this study, gender has minimal effect on the results because the number of male students is quite small in the total of the subjects. 3.5. Procedure The data were collected by the researcher during a week in autum 2009. After contacting the English teachers of the subjects in person to get approval for asking their students to participate in the study, the researcher pre-arranged the time. The researcher went to English classes to administer the tests. The students were asked to complete the test in 60 minutes. The English teachers and the researcher supervised and marked the test papers later. The 2 days after, subjects were distributed the questionanires. The researcher gave some directions to the subjects and of then encouraged students to ask for any clarifications they might need and any other extra time when they filled out the questionaire. And of couse, the researcher wanted to protect the privacy and the students fairness, so the students names would not fill in the questionaires. In order to advoid misunderstanding the questions, the questionaire were translated into Vietnamese which were enclosed with the English version. The questionaire administration took about 30 minutes in each class. For days later, six chosen students were interviewed individually at the researcher s office in HETC. The reseacher pre-arranged the time and contacted to the students by the phone. Before the interview, the reseacher gave the instructions and explained the purpose of the study to students so they could understand what they had to do clearly. Each interview took from 10 to 15 minutes. Data analysis and findings 4.1. The result of the questionaire 4.1.1. Demographic Data Table 4.1 Demographic Information of Students (N=51) Subject Frequency Percentage Total N % Gender Male 9 17.6 51 100 Female 42 82.4 Level Lower proficiency 32 63.7 Higher proficiency 19 36.3 Years of English learning experience 2 3 5.9 51 100 4 9 17.6 5 15 29.4 6 11 21.6 7 6 11.8 8 2 3.9 9 4 7.8 10 1 2.0 Look at the table 4.1, of the 51 students participating in the study, 9 (17.6%) were males and 43 (82.4%) were females. Of the 19 HP students (36.3%) and 32 (63.7%) were LP students. When asking about years of English learning experience, just 1 students (2.0%) has been studying English for ten years. 9 students (17.6%) have been studying English for four years, 15 students (29.4%) have been studying English for five years, 11 students (21.6%) have been studying English for six years, 6 students (11.8%) have been studying English for seven years, 2 students (3.9%) have been studying English for eight years, 4 students (7.8%) have been studying English for nine years. Because foreign language in general and English in particular were given into school from sixth grade in secondary school, and from tenth grade in high school ( in some remote areas), the most students years of English learning experience were between four and seven years. To answer the second section of the questionnaire about concepts of reading, the results were presented in Table 4.2. Table 4.2 The Relationship between the Important of Reading for Language Learning and Reading Hours per Week by higher and lower proficiency students Reading hours per week 2 3 4 Over 4 N % N % N % N % Higher proficiency students (N =19) Very important 2 10.5 5 26.3 6 31.6 3 15.8 important 1 5.3 2 10.5 Not important Lower proficiency students (N =32) Very important 6 18.8 7 21.9 5 15.6 important 4 12.5 5 15.6 4 12.5 Not important 1 3.1 According to the illustration of Table 4.2, HP students who thought reading was very important for language learning were 2 (10.5%) spent two hours per week on reading, 5(26.3%) for three hours per week, 6 (31.6%), for four hours per week and 3 (15.8%) for over four hours per week. HP students who thought reading was important for language learning were 1 (5.3%) spent two hours per week on reading, 2 (10.5%) for four hours per week. There were not any students who thought reading was not important for language learning. In the LP group, 6 (18.8%) students thought reading was very important for language learning and spent two hours per week for it, 7 (21.9%) spent three hours for reading, 5 (15.6%) spent four hours for reading. These LP students supposed reading was important for language learning were 4 (12.5%) spent two hours per week on reading, 5 (15.6%) for three hours per week. There was 1 (3.1%) students said reading was not important for language learning but still spent two hours per week on it. 4.1.2. Findings for Research Question One The research question one was What reading comprehension strategies are used by students at HETC ? After collecting data, it showed what the same or different strategies were used more or less by HP or LP students for helping them understand the contents of the reading materials in different reading situations and were ranked from low to high to represent which strategy would be used more or less by the students during their reading process in different situations. The results were listed in the following by all of students reading ability levels when they used reading strategies in different reading situations. The total results came from the 51 students in Table 4.3, 4.4, 4.5 and 4.6. Table 4.3 Means, Ranks, and Standard Deviations of the Uses of Reading Strategies in First Section by students at HETC When I read English materials, Mean Mean SD Rank 1. I read a table of contents, and then read the contents 1.82 1 .90 2. I focus on the first sentence of each paragraph for helping me understand the main points of the whole paragraph 2.51 7 .12 3. I underline the main points when I am reading 2.03 4 .97 4. I write Vietnamese on the margin for vocabulary words I dont understand during reading 1.86 2 .90 5 I skim over the full text, and then read details 1.88 3 .92 6 I use life experiences helping me understand the meaning of texts 1.86 2 .90 7 I use the background knowledge of the English culture to understand the contents 2.57 8 1.03 8 I use key words or sentences to guess the main idea of the articles 1.88 3 1.08 9 After reading each paragraph, I ask myself if I understand what I read before, and paraphrase the main idea, then keep reading the next paragraph 2.25 5 1.09 10 I discuss what I read with classmates 2.45 6 1.05 In Table 4.3, the result indicated which strategies the 51 students used more or less when they read English materials. The table showed the data with mean, mean rank, and standard deviation. As illustration of Table 4.3, the mean was from 1.82 to 2.51 and the rank was S1 (1.82) S4 = S6 (1,86) S5= S8 (1.88) S3 (2.03) S9 (2.25) S10 (2.45) S2 (2.51) S7 (2.57). The data express that strategy 1 had lowest mean scores. It meant that strategy 1 I read the table of contents, and then read the contents most students would like to use to help them understand the contents during reading process. On the contrary, they used the two least strategies: strategy 2 and strategy 7. Table 4.4 Means, Ranks, and Standard Deviations of the Uses of Reading Strategies in First Section by students at HETC When I do not understand a vocabulary, Mean Mean SD Rank 11 I check the dictionary immediately 2.37 3 1.1 12 I mark and pass it, keep reading and then go back 2.33 2 1.08 13 I use other words in the sentence to infer the meaning of vocabulary 2.09 1 .87 14 I analyze its suffix and prefix to get its meaning 3.00 4 1.21 Through Table 4.4, strategy 13 I use other words in the sentence to infer the meaning of vocabulary was most used by the students when they did not understand a vocabulary during the reading process. On contrary, strategy 14 I analyze its suffix and prefix to get its meaning was the strategy which most students used least in this reading situation. Table 4.5 Means, Ranks, and Standard Deviations of the Uses of Reading Strategies in First Section by students at HETC When I do not understand a sentence, Mean Mean SD Rank 15 I use the context (topic, subject) to derive the meaning of each sentence 1.86 1 .91 16 I translate word for word into Vietnamese to better understand the meaning of the sentences 2.35 4 1.12 17 I take grammar analysis (ex: finding subject and verb etc.) to understand the meaning of the sentences 2.33 3 1.02 18 I analyze the structure of sentences (ex: sample sentence, adjective clause, or adverb clause, etc.)to derive the meaning of sentence 2.37 5 .97 19 I will analyze the verb tense (ex: past tense or future tense) or verb mood (ex: subjunctive mood or imperative mood) for better understanding 2.27 2 .95 In Table 4.5, those strategies had close mean scores between each other, but it also pointed out the differences from 2.27 to 2.37, except the strategy 15 had the mean score less 1.86. It described that strategy 15 I use the context (topic, subject) to derive the meaning of each sentence were the most used by the students when they did not understand a sentence during reading process. Vice versa, the means of the strategy 16 and strategy 18 to derive the meaning of sentence meant that they were used least than other strategies in this section. Table 4.6 Means, Ranks, and Standard Deviations of the Uses of Reading Strategies in First Section by students When I dont understand (including vocabulary and sentences,) except above reading strategies, Mean Mean SD Rank 20 I check books (ex: grammar books or encyclopedia) for references 2.16 2 1.14 21 I go on the Internet to find related information 1.98 1 .92 22 I ask teachers or classmates for clarification 2.27 3 1.03 23 I read the difficult parts several times 2.63 5 1.12 24 I read the contents orally several times 2.47 4 .94 25 I will memorize the vocabulary pertaining to the contents before reading 2.16 2 .99 According to the data, it presented that strategy 21 I go on Internet to find related information was used by almost students. The information technology nowaday becomes quite popular to students so they would like to search information on the Internet. The S20 = S25 (2.16) both stood the second position. The strategy that students used least was strategy 23 I read difficult parts several times. 4.1.3. Findings for Research Question Two Research question two was What are the differences in the use of reading strategies of the higher and lower proficiency students at HETC? Through mean, standard deviation, t-tests and p value, the data analysis depicted detailed information about the differences of reading strategy performance between these two groups of students. The comparative groups focused on higher and lower proficiency student. Table 4.7 Means, Standard Deviations, t-Tests and p Value between higher and lower proficiency students at HETC when I read English materials, Lower proficiency students Higher proficiency students T p (N=19) (N=32) Mean SD Mean SD 1. I read a table of contents, and then read the contents 2.00 1.054 1.72 .813 .999 .322 2. I focus on the first sentence of each paragraph for helping me understand the main points of the whole paragraph 2.16 1.118 1.78 .792 1.288 .20 3. I underline the main points when I am reading 2.00 1.105 2.06 .914 -.208 .84 4. I write Vietnamese on the margin for vocabulary words I dont understand during reading 2.79 1.084 2.78 1.069 .026 .98 5. I skim over the full text, and then read details 2.05 1.026 1.78 .870 .965 .34 6. I use life experiences helping me understand the meaning of texts 1.89 .937 1.84 .917 .189 .85 7. I use the background knowledge of the English culture to understand the contents 2.05 1.129 2.86 .871 -2.729 .00** 8. I use key words or sentences to guess the main idea of the articles 2.37 1.261 1.59 .911 2.412 .02* 9. After reading each paragraph, I ask myself if I understand what I read before, and paraphase the main idea, then keep reading the next paragraph 2.00 1.202 2.53 .983 -1.630 .11 10. I discuss what I read with classmates 2.53 1.264 2.41 .946 .359 .72 p.05*, p.01** As indicated in Table 4.7, strategy 7 and strategy 8 attended to the significant difference level (p.05) which meant there were significant differences in usage between the two groups of students. Looking at the means of strategy 1, 2, 5, 10 the analyzing data showed that good students had lower frequency of use than lower ones. Meanwhile, look at strategy 9, HP students had higher frequency to use these strategies to help their read than LP students As for the rest strategies in this section, there were no significant differences between two groups. Table 4.8 Means, Standard Deviations, t-Tests and p Value between higher and lower proficiency students at HETC When I do not understand a vocabulary, Higher proficiency students Lower proficiency students t p (N=19) (N=32) Mean SD Mean SD 11. I check the dictionary immediately 3.32 .749 1.81 .896 6.432 .00** 12. I mark and pass it, keep reading and then go back 2.89 1.1 2.06 .878 2.809 .00** 13. I use other words in the sentence to infer the meaning of vocabulary 2.05 .911 2.13 .871 -.279 .78 14. I analyze its suffix and prefix to get its meaning 2.84 1.344 3.13 1.07 -.782 .44 p.05*; p.01** In table 4.8, strategy 11 and strategy 12 attended to the significant different level (p.05). That meant that the two strategies both had significant differences on frequencies of use between HP students and LP students mean scores. Good students had higher frequency to use the strategy to solve their vocabulary problems during the reading process. The mean score of strategy 11 showed that HP students would prefer to use it for solving their vocabulary problems, but LP students did not. Other strategies in this part, there were no significant differences. Table 4.9 Means, Standard Deviations, t-Tests and p Value between higher and lower proficiency students When I do not understand a sentence, Higher proficiency students Lower proficiency students t p (N=19) (N=32) Mean SD Mean SD 15. I use the context (topic, subject) to derive the meaning of each sentence 1.89 1.1 1.84 .808 .176 .86 16. I translate word for word into Vietnamese to better understand the meaning of the sentences 3.21 0.976 1.84 0.884 5.005 .00** 17. I take grammar analysis (ex: finding subject and verb etc.) to understand the meaning of the sentences 2.16 1.167 2.44 .948 -.885 .38 18. I analyze the structure of sentences (ex: sample sentence, adjective clause, or adverb clause, etc.)to derive the meaning of sentence 1.84 .898 2.69 .896 -3.253 .00* 19. I will analyze the verb tense (ex: past tense or future tense) or verb mood (ex: subjunctive mood or imperative mood) for better understanding 1.84 .898 2.53 .915 -2.630 .01* p.05*, p.01** As indicated in Table 4.9, strategy 18 and strategy 19 attended to significant different level (p.05). These strategies had significant differences between the two groups. Through the mean score, we know these significant differences were that HP students preferred to use this strategy more often to help them reading fluently, but LP ones did not. However, in strategy 16 I translate word for word into Vietnamese to better understand the meaning of the sentences, LP students preferred this strategy to HP students. Table 4.10 Means, Standard Deviations, t-Tests and p Value between higher and lower proficiency students When I dont understand (including vocabulary and sentences,) except above reading strategies, Higher proficiency students Lower proficiency students t p (N=19) (N=32) Mean SD Mean SD 20. I check books (ex: grammar books or encyclopedia) for references 2.32 1.157 2.06 1.162 .755 .45 21. I go on the Internet to find related information 2.05 .970 1.94 .914 .419 .68 22. I ask teachers or classmates for clarification 2.16 1.214 3.25 .984 -3.326 .00** 23. I read the difficult parts several times 3.37 .761 2.19 1.091 4.54 .00** 24. I read the contents orally several times 2.53 .905 2.44 .982 .328 .74 25. I will memorize the vocabulary pertaining to the contents before reading 2.05 1.312 2.22 .792 -.501 .62 p.05*, p.01** In table 4.10, strategy 22 and strategy 23 attended to the significant difference level (p.05). It meant that the two strategies had significant differences on frequency of use between efficient student and less efficient student mean score. It seemed that HP students like to use the strategy 22 when they don not understand their reading. Vice versa, the LP students like to use strategy 23 I read the difficult part several times even it would waste of their time. Other strategies did not have significant differences between these two groups. In order to know the futher information about the strategy of the two groups. There were think-aloud interviews to conduct the results. 4.4. The results of the interviews As mentioned in 3.3.3, in this study, six students with 1 girls and 3 boys were given think alound interviews to get further information about their reading strategy use and to reaffirm the results of the quetionaire. Among them, 2 are successful and 2 are unsuccessful. The first trend the researcher took notes is the use of strategies of skimming and scanning by both goood and poor students. When students were asked When you read a text like this, what do you usually do? they all answered First, I look through the text to get the main ideas of it. After that, I read the required tasks and come back to the text to find the answers. It seemed that most of them did in this way automatically. And All of them dont know that they were using reading strategies in their reading process. The second trend is that the students used translating strategy at a lower rate than they answered in the questionaire. Both two poor readers claimed they were trying to translate the text into Vietnamese to understand it and do the task easily. While students read, they always had a pencil in their hands and underlined the new words: they then looked at dictionary or glossary. Their physical habits made the reseacher no surprise. They opened the dictionary when they met a new words. They said: There are a lot of new words and I have to use it. If not, I can not understand the text. Only one strongest students never used the glossary and finished reading in 15 minutes with comprehension as good as or better than others who took more than 20 minutes to read the article while using their dictionary. He said: I only use the dictionary as the last resort. During the intervies, nobody ask the teacher for help. This is not like what they actually did in thr classroom where they certainly make questions when they do not understand something. So the strategies I ask teacher or classmates for clarifications were not directly observed in the interviews because the students were interviewed individually. conclusion In conclusion, The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of reading strategies by higher and lower proficiency students, to find out the common and uncommon strategies used by these students at HETC. The findings may use to predict the possible students viewpoints of learning to read in Vietnam. Although the study was limited by fifty-one students coming from HETC, The principal emered from the study: 1. Most students had English learning experiences from four to seven years, so they actually understood the important role of reading in Enlish language acquisition, but they still did not spend much time on it. The main reason might be most teachers in Vietnam would mainly focus on teaching grammar. Because they believed it was useful for the tests. 2. Most students (even fewer learning experiences ones) could choose appropriate strategies to help them read effectively when they could not understand the text or met some reading problems. 3. The HP students knew how to use more strategies to help them read better and apply more strategies than LP students because they thought that reading strategies were useful for helping reading comprehension. Thereforce, from the findings of this study and from the teaching and learning context at HETC, the researcher recommends that teacher should raise their students awareness of using learning strategies in common, especially reading strategies, teach them how to use strategies appropriately and encourage them to use the strategies more often not only in the classroom but also in new contexts. Future research can investigate if teaching particular reading strategies results in better reading scores on standardized tests. Appendix 1 Survey questionnaire The questionnaire is aimed to investigate reading comprehension strategies. We are grateful for your goodwill and cooperation in truthfully completing the questionnaire. Please respond to each question as frankly and accurately as possible. Thank you very much! I. Personal information (please fill in the blanks with numbers) 1. You are in group: _________ (1) GE2/08/2 _________ (2) GE2/22/4 2. Gender ___________(1) male ___________(2) female 3. How many years have you studied English? _________ II. Concepts of reading (please fill in the blanks with numbers) 1. Do you think that reading is important for language learning? __________ (1) very important, __________ (2) important, __________ (3) not important, __________ (4) not very important. 2. Do you read English materials other than the teachers assignments? _______(1) yes _______(2) no 3. How many hours do you spend reading English very week? (including textbooks) ______(1) two hours ______ (2) three hours ______ (3) four hours ______ (4) over four hours. III. The use of reading strategies Please fill in the blanks with ( ) according to how offen you use a certain reading strategy : 1 = usually 2 = sometimes 3 = less 4 = never When I read English material, 1 2 3 4 1. I read a table of contents, and then read the contents 2. I focus on the first sentence of each paragraph for helping me understand the main points of the whole paragraph 3. I underline the main points when I am reading 4. I write Vietnamese on the margin for vocabulary words I dont understand during reading 5. I first skim the text then go back and read carefully 6. I use life experiences helping me understand the meaning of texts 7. I use the background knowledge of the English culture to understand the contents 8. I use key words or sentences to guess the main idea of the articles 9. After reading each paragraph, I ask myself if I understand what I read before, and paraphase the main idea, then keep reading the next paragraph 10. I discuss what I read with classmates When I do not understand a vocabulary, 11. I check the dictionary immediately 12. I mark and pass it, keep reading and then go back 13. I use other words in the sentence to infer the meaning of vocabulary 14. I analyze its suffix and prefix to get its meaning When I do not understand a sentence, 15. I use the context (topic, subject) to derive the meaning of each sentence 16. I translate word for word into Vietnamese to better understand the meaning of the sentences 17. I take grammar analysis (ex: finding subject and verb etc.) to understand the meaning of the sentences 18. I analyze the structure of sentences (ex: sample sentence, adjective clause, or adverb clause, etc.)to derive the meaning of sentence 19. I will analyze the verb tense (ex: past tense or future tense) or verb mood (ex: subjunctive mood or imperative mood) for better understanding When I dont understand (including vocabulary and sentences,) except above reading strategies, 20. I check books (ex: grammar books or encyclopedia) for references 21. I go on the Internet to find related information 22. I ask teachers or classmates for clarification 23. I read the difficult parts several times 24. I read the contents orally several times 25. I will memorize the vocabulary pertaining to the contents before reading Appendix 2 PHIU IU TRA Phiu iu tra ny iu tra v chin lc c hiu ca sinh vin. Chng ti rt bit n s thin ch v hp tc ca bn hon thnh phiu iu tra ny. Xin vui lng tr li nhng cu hi di y mt cch trung thc v chnh xc nht. Chng ti xin cm n s gip ca cc bn. I. Thng tin c nhn (xin vui lng in vo khong trng theo ch s) 1. Bn hc lp _________ (1) K19a1_________ (2) K19a3 2. Gii tnh ___________(1) nam _________ (2) n 3. Bn hc ting Anh c bao nhiu nm? ___________ II. Cc quan nim v k nng c hiu (xin vui lng in vo khong trng theo ch s) 1. Bn c ngh rng k nng c hiu l quan trng trong vic hc ngoi ng khng? ____________(1) rt quan trng, ___________(2) quan trng, ____________(3) khng quan trng, ___________(4) rt khng quan trng. 2 .Bn c c cc ti liu ting Anh nhiu hn so vi cc bi tp m thy c giao cho bn khng? _______(c) _______(khng) 3. Mi tun bn dnh bao nhiu ting c ting Anh? (bao gm c sch gio khoa) ________(1) hai ting ________ (2) ba ting________ (3) bn ting ________(4) hn bn ting III. V vic s dng chin lc c hiu: Xin vui lng in du ( ) vo khong trng theo mc t 1 n 4 l : 1 = thng xuyn s dng 2 = thnh thong s dng 3 = t khi s dng 4 = cha tng s dng Khi ti c ti liu ting Anh, 1 2 3 4 1. Ti thng c phn mc lc, sau c phn ni dung 2. Ti thng tp trung vo cu u ca mi on gip ti hiu chnh ca ton on 3. Ti thng gch chn nhng chnh trong khi ti c 4. Ti thng vit nhng t mi trn l khi m ti khng hiu trong khi c 5. Ti c lt qua ton on, sau c chi tit 6. Ti s dng nhng kinh nghim ca cuc sng gip ti hiu ngha ca bi c 7. Ti s dng hiu bit v nn vn ho Anh hiu ni dung 8. Ti s dng nhng t hoc nhng cu chnh on chnh 9. Sau khi c mi on, ti t hi liu ti c hiu nhng g m ti c phn trc cha, v din gii bng cch khc nhng chnh, sau tip tc c on tip theo 10. Ti tho lun nhng g ti c vi bn cng lp Khi m ti khng hiu t vng, 11. Ti tra t in ngay lp tc 12. Ti nh du v tip tc c, sau quay li nhng t vng 13. Ti s dng nhng t khc trong cu suy ra ngha ca t 14. Ti phn tch phn tin t v hu t bit ngha ca t Khi ti khng hiu on vn, 15. Ti s dng bi cnh (tiu , ch ) hiu ngha ca mi on 16. Ti dch tng t ra ting Vit hiu hn ngha ca on vn 17. Ti phn tch ng php (v d nh tm ch ng, ng t) hiu ngha ca cu 18. Ti phn tch cu trc ca cu (v d nh cu mu, mnh tnh ng, mnh trng ng) hiu ngha ca cu 19. Ti phn tch thi ca ng t (thi qu kh, thi tng lai) hoc l tnh thi ca ng t (gi nh thc hoc mnh lnh thc) hiu hn Khi ti khng hiu (bao gm c t vng v cu), tr nhng chin lc c trn, 20. Ti tra sch(sch ng php hoc t in bch khoa ton th) tham kho 21. Ti vo mng tm thng tin lin quan 22. Ti hi thy c hoc bn b gii thch 23. Ti c nhng phn kh hiu nhiu ln 24. Ti c to phn ni dung nhiu ln 25. Ti nh t vng gn vi phn ni dung trc khi c Appendix 3 READING READING PASSAGE 1 VENUS The planet Venus, named after the Roman goddess of love, is the second closest planet to the Sun (Mercury is the closest), and the second brightest natural object in the night sky (after the Moon). From Earth, Venus is brightest just after sunset and just before dawn. Because of this, the planet is often known as the Morning Star of the Evening Star. Venus is also sometimes known as the Earths sister, because both planets share similarities in terms of size Venus surface area and volume are just a little smaller than Earths. However, scientists believe that, several billion years ago, Venus and Earth were much more similar than they are today. Back then, Venus atmosphere was more like Earths, and there was almost certainly water in liquid form on the surface. Over time, Venus became hotter, and this water evaporated. Today, the planets surface is a dry dusty desert. Above the ground on Venus are sulphuric acid clouds. These thick clouds prevent the surface of the planet being seen from Earth. Indeed, it is only in the last few decades that scientists have discovered what the surface of the planet is really like. In the early 1990s, NASAs Magellan spacecraft mapped the surface of Venus in detail for the first time. Its radar images of hills, ridges and craters are almost photographic in their quality. Questions 1 3 Which THREE of the following statements are true, according to the reading passage? NB Your answers may be giver in any order. 1 _______ 2_______ 3_______ A The Moon is the brightest natural object in the night sky. B From Earth, Venus is at its brightest in the middle of the night. C Venus is a slightly larger planet than Earth. D Venus atmosphere has changed greatly over billions of years. E A telescope is required to see Venus surface from Earth. F Scientists now have a detailed map of the surface of Venus. G The surface of Venus is almost completely flat. Questions 4 10 Complete the sentences. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. 4 The ancient Romans had a _____________ called Venus. 5 Only ____________ is closer to the Sun than Venus. 6 Venus has been called the _____________, the Morning Star and the Evening Star. 7 It is highly likely that there was __________________ on Venus in the past. 8 Venus is a much ___________________ planet than it used to be. 9 Venus thick clouds are made of _________________ to create pictures of the surface of Venus. READING PASSAGE 2 SUPERCONDUCITIVITY In 1908, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes became the first scientist to produce liquid helium. Achieving the lowest temperatures recorded up to that point. A number of researchers that materials behaved differently at very low temperatures, and this substance was important in allowing experiments that confirmed it. Working with solid mercury, Onnes demonstrated the phenomenon of superconductivity. This is when the electrical resistance of the metal drops suddenly to zero. No energy is lost as an electric current travels through the material, making it very efficient for storing or transmitting power. Since the work done by Onnes, other superconducting materials have been discovered that can be used at higher temperatures and which are therefore more economical. There are a number of practical applications of superconducting materials, Many of these applications are based on the fact that the materials can be made into extremely powerful electromagnets. These are used in scientific experiments to direct beams of particles. They also form part of maglev trains trains that float a small distance above the rails because of magnetic forces. Because there is no contact between the train and the rail, this form of transport is capable of very high speeds, although it is unlikely to be in widespread use until cost drop considerably. Questions 11 15 Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage? Write TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this 11 Many people had tried to produce liquid helium before Onnes. ____________ 12 Onnes was the only scientist interested in very low temperatures. ____________ 13 Liquid helium was used for science at very low temperatures. ____________ 14 only metals can be used as superconductors. _______ 15 Superconductors that work at higher temperatures are more expensive. _____ Questions 16 20 Complete the summary of the second paragraph. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. Superconductors are used in a variety of contexts. Very 16 __________ can be made out of superconducting materials and scientists use them in 17 _____________. In transport, maglev trains rely on the 18 ____________ produced in superconductors to raise the train above the rails, the lack of 19 __________ meaning that high velocities can be reached. The 20 ___________ of maglev systems limit their use. Appendix E Reading Activities Use for think-aloud Interviews _______________________ Reading Activities for think-aloud interviews Name Class The Legislature of the United Kingdom The main legislative body in Britain is the Parliament. It is one of the oldest representative authorities in the word. Historically, Parliament developed from the councils that in early tomes were appointed to advise the King. The Britain Parliament consists of two houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The Queen is the formal head of Parliament. The House of Commons in an elected chamber and has more power than the House of Lords. The role of the House of Lords is restricted to revising the legislation passed by the Commons and it can only delay the enactment of some bills. New laws can come into force when they passed through Parliament. A proposal for a new law is called a bill. According to very ancient practice, each bill must have three readings in order to become a law. The bill becomes a law or, in other words, an Act of Parliament, after it receives Royal Assent from the Queen. Britain is a constitutional monarchy without a written constitution. In this respect, the United Kingdom is unique among nations as constitutions are usually written documents. But this doesnt mean that Britain lacks a body of constitutional laws. Some parts of the governmental system are written down in Act of Parliament, which are also called laws of statutes. Others are regulated by conventions, which are commonly accepted assumptions about the ways things should be done, mostly based on precedents. As there are none of the usual legal restraints imposed by a written constitution, Parliament is the supreme authority in Britain and legislates as it pleases subject only to Britains obligation as a member of the European Union. Parliament has direct control over legislation. It can make new laws, replace any of the laws already in force with other laws, turn conventions into laws, or even overturn established conventions. Other law making bodies in the country (such as local councils) exercise their power only so long as Parliament authorizes them to do so. The accountability of government to Parliament for the policy of the Government as a whole, and each minister is individually responsible for the work of his or her department. Cabinet ministers may be forced to resign by the vote of confidence in the Parliament if their actions do not meet with Parliaments approval. Activity 1: Answer the following question 1. What is the topic of the text? 2. What are the historical origins of the Britain Parliament ? 3. What is the role of the House of Commons? 4. What is a bill? 5. Why are conventions important in the Britain governmental system, and what are they based on? 6. What can Parliament do with laws already in force? Activity 2: Say if the following statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false. The first one done for you as an example. 7. T The Britain Parliament is one of the oldest representative authorities in the world. 8. The Queen choose the member of the House of Commons. 9. A bill becomes law immediately after its third reading. 10. Only the Queen can give Royal Assent. 11. Britain does not have a constitution. 12. In some cases, the European Union has authority over the Britain Parliament. 13. Local councils exercise their power independently of Parliament. 14. All ministers are responsible to Parliament for the policies of the Government. Activity 3: Using the words in the text to fill in the gaps left in the following short passage. There are two (15) in the Britain Parliament. They are called the House of Commons and (16) -. Britain Parliament is the legislative (17) of Britain, which means that it makes new (18) and revises existing ones. Britain is a constitutional (19) -, so the Queen is the formal head of Parliament, but she does not have any real power; it is the with the most seats, that runs the country. Each department is headed by a (21) and the most important of these are together called the (22) . APENDIX 4 Details of Think-aloud Interviews Notes: P stands for Interviewees The italicized part is the original text I stands for interviewer. Interview 1: Ho Thai Khanh, 6th November 2009 (Test proficiency score: 7) I: I see you are reading something. What are you reading? P: Im reading a text called The Regislature of the United Kingdom. I: What for? P: MmTo do the exercises given below I: So what is the text about? P: I think it is about the Regislature of the United Kingdom I: OK, how do you know that? P: Oh, so simple. The title. I: Good. Do you usually read something like this? P: Yes, of course. But I mainly read in Vietnamese I: So, when you read a text like this, what do you usually do? P: I always look at the first sentence of each pparagraph for helping me understand the main points of the whole paragraph. I: OK, now do the activities and describe the ways you complete them, please? P: Yes, Regislature of the UK. Im sure the content is about the Regislature of the UK (smile). Regislature Question 2, orgins Parliament I: What are you thinking? P: Im looing for these words in my dictionaryhmm OK. Thats right, as I think, the historical orgins of the British Parliament is a councils. Next, question 3,the role of the House of Commonsoh line 7 The role of the House of Lords is restricted to revising the legislation passed by the Commons Oh, passing the legislation.Question 4, certainly it is a new law because I see it in the line 10. Question 5,conventionwhat is this? I: What are you doing? P: Im looking for the meaning of convention, precedent and assumptions I: Are they new words? P: No, not all of them. Ive read this words assumptions before but I cant remember. OK, I think may be because some parts of the govermental sysytems are written down in Acts of Parliament, but others are regualted by laws. Question 6, Parliament can replace any of the laws already in force with other laws. Yes, Parliament. I: Do you understand that sentence? P: No, because I dont knoe the word inforce I: OK. Now go on with the activity 2, please. P: Yes. Question 8 is True because I think the Queen is the most powerful. Oh, wait a minute. Its False because the House of Commons is an elected chamber. Question 9, False. It is stated in the paragraph 3. Question 10, I can answer it s true. Question 11, its False, obviously . Question 12, Oh, no I: What are you thinking? P: There are many new words. I cant find the answer here. So I will pass and then go back. Question 13, I think its False. I: Why do you think so? P: I see 2 words : only and independently, one in the question and one in the text. I just predict. I: Now, I see you always read the text again when you finish one part. Why? P: Because I need to understand the details of the text. I have to read again and again to remember it. I: I know. You dont remember the information? P: Yes, I need to check it again to advoid forget it. I: Why dont you have some notes or summerise of what you read? These ways will help you remember the inforamtion. P: I dont think about it. I: You have just finished some questions. Are you sure you have the right answer? P: Just some of them I: Do you understand the text now? P: Yes, I do I: Do you know what help you understand the text? P: May be I know a little about this topics before I: When you have to deal with difficult reading text or when youre bored with your reading, do you discuss with your classmates to share the information and find out the correct answer together? P: Yes, I do I: Do you know it is a reading strategy P: No, I dont even I usually do this I: Thanks a lot. Interview 2: Nguyen Thanh Hai, 7th Novem 2009 (Test proficiency score: 5.5) I: I: I see you are reading something. What are you reading? P: Im reading a text. I: What for? P: MmTo do the tasks. I: So what is the text about? P: I think it is about the Regislature of the United Kingdom I: OK, how do you know that? P: I read the title. I: So, when you read a text like this, what do you usually do? P: I skim over the full text first, then read the details and the required tasks. I: Oh, what are you looking for? P: Im looking for the answer for question 5. Uhm Why areconvention (Ti saoconvention I: Why dont you translate the word convention? P; Because it is a new word. I: Oh, what will you do? P: Ill check in dictionary I: But if you dont have the dictionary or glossary with you? P: Ill ignore. Question 6lawsin force I: What are you doing? P: Im having a quick look. OK, here It can make new laws, replace any of the laws already in force with other laws, turn conventions into laws, or even overturn established conventions. I: OK. Now go on with the activity 2, please. P: Yes. I think the Queen doesnt choose the members of the House of Commons because it is an elected chamber. Question 9 is acgtually false because they mentioned in the last paragraph here the bill becomes a law after it receives So question 10 is true. Question 11, its False every country has their own consitutions. Question 12 I: What are you thinking? P: Im trying to translate the question and the last sentense in paragraph four. Unfortunately, there are some new words so I cant understand.So I can not answer this question. I: Now, I see you always read the text again when you finish each part. Why? P: Because the text too long to be able to remember it immidiately so I have to reread to find the inforamtion again. I: Why dont you have some notes or summerise of what you read? These ways will help you remember the inforamtion. P: Sometimes I do. I: You have just completed the task. Are you sure you have the right answer? P: I dont know I: Do you understand the text now? P: Yes, I do I: When you have to deal with difficult reading text or when youre bored with your reading, do you discuss with your classmates to share the information and find out the correct answer together? P: Yes, I do like to disscuss with my classmates. I dont like read in silent. I like to read aloud and disciss with my classmates. I: Do you know it is a reading strategy P: Reading strategy? No. I: Do you like to ask your teacher or your classmate for help? P: Both of them. But I always ask my friends first. I: Why? P: Because Im afraid of wasting my teachers time. I: Afer reading each paragraph, do you ask yourself if you understand what you read before? P: No, never. I: Thanks a lot. Interview 3: Nguyen Chien Thang, 7th November 2005 (Test proficiency score: 4.5) I: I: I see you are reading something. What are you reading? P: Im reading a text called the Regislature of the United Kingdom I: What for? P: To do the exercise I: OK, how do you know that? P: I read the title. I: So, when you read a text like this, what do you usually do? P: I look through the article to get the main ideas and read the tasks to fing out the answer I: Good. Now you have to do these exercises. Tell me what do you often do if you have this kind of exercise. Lets begin with the first exercise. P: Yesuhm I: Oh, what are you looking for? P: Im looking for some words that I dont know. I: Oh, what are they? P: A lot of words. For example: authority, restrict, ect. Now I think the topic of the text is the Legislation of the United Kingdom. Question 2, nguyn gc lch s ca House of common. I think it is the councils. I: Good. How do you know that? P: I can read in the paragraph 1. I: OK. Lets do the question 3 and 4! P: You can find the answer easily in the paragraph 2 and 3. Question 5 I: What are you thinking? P: Im trying to translate the fourth paragraph to get the answer but I cant. It is too difficult. Ill pass. Question 6uhmhere in the text . It can make new laws, replace any of the laws already in force with other laws, turn conventions into laws, or even overturn established conventions. Other law making bodies in the country (such as local councils) exercise their power only so long as Parliament authorizes them to do so. I: OK. Now go on with the activity 2, please. P: Yes. I think its false because the Queen doesnt choose the members of the House of Commons, she just choose the members of the Lords.. Question 9 I think its true. I: Can you explain why? P: Because the text says each bill must have three resding in order to become a law So I guess its true. I: Where you can find it? And how do you guess? P: I look at the word three in the sentence and third in the question (smile) I: Good, can you explian on that? Is it stated in the text? P: No, . But in the last paragraph, I see the Government three times. I: Good I see you sometimes reread the text. Why? P: I always do this because I cant remember the information. I: Why dont you have some notes or summerise of what you read? These ways will help you remember the inforamtion. P:I nevr do this. I: Could you complete all the tasks? P: No I: Which question couldnt you answer? P: two last questions. I: Are you sure all your answer are correct? P: No, I dont I: Why dont you cooperate with your friends? P: Yes, I do. But I just disscuss with some of them I: Why? P: Because I think working with the friend I know well is better. I: Do you know it is a reading strategy P: Reading strategy? No. I: Do you like to ask your teacher or your classmate for help? P: Both of them. But I always ask my teacher first. I: Why? P: Because I think teacher will give me the correct answer. I: Afer reading each paragraph, do you ask yourself if you understand what you read before? P: Yes, I do. I: Thank you very much. Interview 4: Bui Viet Thanh, 7th November 2005 (Test proficiency score: 8) I: I: I see you are reading something. What are you reading? P: Im reading a text called the Regislature of the United Kingdom I: What for? P: I read it to find out the needed information to do the tasks.So the text iis about the legislature of UK. I: OK, how do you know that? P: I read the title and first sentence. I: Do you often read something like this? P: Yes, sometimes. I: So, when you read a text like this, what do you usually do? P: I read the text, the question and return to find out the answer. I: Good. Now you have to do these exercises. Tell me what do you often do if you have this kind of exercise. Lets begin with the first exercise. P: I think the topic of the text is the Legislation of the United Kingdom. Question 2, I think it is the councils because Parliament, developform. The meaning of develop from is pht trin t. Question 3House of Commonthe role I: What are you thinking? P: Im looking for the answer in the text but in the text they only say the role of the House of Lords is revising the legislation passed by the Commons. Oh, just a second. The role of House of Commons is passing the legislature. I: OK. How do you know that? P: I just have a guess. I dont know its true or not. Question 4, its quite clearly in the text. Question 5,convention I: What do you think about? P: Im thinking about the meaning of some words: convention,precedent. I dont know these words. But I can find the answer in the text. this doesnt mean some Britain lacks a body of constitutional lawsother regulated by convention. So I can guess. I: In this case if you dont have dictionary or gllosary, what do you often do? P: I try to guess the meaning the the word I know through the other words in the sentence. I only use the dictionary as the last resort. I: OK. Continue with the activity 3. P: Yes, wuestion 15, I think it is the word Houses, question 17, body, question 18 is the word law, question 19, mornarchy, question 20uhmquestion 21 I can not answer them. I: From the question 15 to 19, you answer so quickly. But you met difficlt when answer the qustions 20-22? P: Oh, because I can find the answer of them in the text. Question 20ohmay be gorvement because I read it before. I dont know the word departemnt so I cant do it and question 22, of course. I: Right. I see you read the text again and again. P: Yes. I have to find a lot of information I: You dont remember the information? P: I remember some. But I check it again. I: I see you noted and underline in the text. Its good. But do you often have some summerise what you read? P: I never do this before. But Ill try in the next time when I have some other readings. I: DO you understand the text? P: Yes, I can. I: Tell me, what help you to understand the text? P: Uhmm May be somethings I knew before. I: Why dont you cooperate with your friends? P: Yes, I do like this. I: Do you know it is a reading strategy P: Reading strategy? No. I: Do you like to ask your teacher or your classmate for help? P: Both of them. I: Do you like to share your feeling what you read with your friend? P: Yes, I do. I: Thank you very much.